THE UK is experiencing a significant rise in cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) among both wild and domestic birds. In response, the UK Chief Veterinary Officer has implemented a national mandatory housing order across England, which became effective from 6 November 2025. These steps aim to reduce the risk of transmission from wild birds to poultry flocks during the high-risk winter period.
Mandatory housing applies to keepers with more than 50 birds of any species and anyone who sells or gives away eggs, meat, or live birds, even if they keep fewer than 50 birds. Hobby keepers with fewer than 50 birds for personal use (e.g. home egg consumption) are exempt from housing requirements but must still follow strict biosecurity rules.
Alongside the housing order, strict biosecurity measures remain in force. These apply to all bird keepers regardless of flock size, and include:
Disinfecting footwear before and after contact with birds.
Regular cleaning and disinfecting of housing, equipment, and concrete walkways.
Mandatory record keeping and reporting any changes in egg production or signs of illness.
Preventing contact between poultry and wild birds by covering feed and water.
Birds should be kept:
In a fully enclosed building or
In a secure outdoor run covered with tarpaulin or fine mesh to prevent wild bird access. Keepers are encouraged to provide enrichment activities (e.g., hanging vegetables, perches, grit) to reduce stress during confinement.
Foot dips should be available next to each building or run.
Housing orders are a proven method to curb the spread of HPAI, which can cause severe illness and high mortality in poultry. These measures protect animal welfare and help safeguard the poultry industry during peak seasonal risk. For official guidance and updates, visit GOV.UK Bird Flu Updates.
